Hamilton Halton Construction Association   Ontario Architecture  
Mohawk College Building and Construction
home
Contact Building Terms Building Styles Building Terms

Building Styles

Queen Anne Revival Style (1870 - 1910)

Origins --- --- Queen AnneArchitecture

Queen Anne in England------Kings College Cambridge___Gothic Revival Abbey

Eastern Ontario --- Picton--- Medoc--- Ottawa

Central Ontario--- Simcoe---- Dundas-- Bolton-- Paris--- Progeston--- Cobourg
---- Jordan----- Vaughan --- Port Hope--- Guelph--- Elora

Western Ontario ---- Stratford--- London---

The Queen Anne Revival Style began in Britain in the 1860s largely as a reaction to the monumental and/or Gothic styles that were flourishing in the other "Revivals" (see Gothic Revival and Classical Revival). Queen Anne's actual reign was from 1702 to 1714 in Britain. If Classicism is seen as coming from Italy and Greece, and the Gothic comes from France and then England and Germany, the Tudor era and the Stuart, which is revived in this style, can be seen as the British national style. Developed by the Britlish architect Richard Shaw (1831-1912), it quickly found acceptance with the industrialists and wealthy merchants who wanted to express their optimism

and success through this extroverted but quintessentially British style. Many changes to the style are the result of the Ontario climate and the use of local materials. Features such as the expansive veranda and widespread use of timber are found in Ontario but not in the original English version. Leslie Maitland's excellent book The Queen Anne Revival Style offers an in-depth look at the development of the style from its inception in England to its conclusion at the outset of the first World War.

Queen Anne in Britain

The Queen Anne Revival Style began in Britain in the 1860s largely as a reaction to the monumental and/or Gothic styles that were flourishing in the other "Revivals" (see Gothic Revival and Classical Revival). Queen Anne's actual reign was from 1702 to 1714 in Britain. If Classicism is seen as coming from Italy and Greece, and the Gothic comes from France and then England and Germany, the Tudor era and the Stuart, which is revived in this style, can be seen as the British national style. Developed by the Britlish architect Richard Shaw (1831-1912), it quickly found acceptance with the industrialists and wealthy merchants who wanted to express their optimism

and success through this extroverted but quintessentially British style. Many changes to the style are the result of the Ontario climate and the use of local materials. Features such as the expansive veranda and widespread use of timber are found in Ontario but not in the original English version. Leslie Maitland's excellent book The Queen Anne Revival Style offers an in-depth look at the development of the style from its inception in England to its conclusion at the outset of the first World War.

Click Hotpoints for descriptions of terms in both text and images.

London England

Richard Shaw was the man responsible for bringing the Queen Anne style into popular use in Britain. He was known as one of the premier Arts and Crafts architects, along with Philip Webb and Edwin Lutyens, but his work in the suburbs or London is what is really memorable. He brought suburban living to the city.

Queen Anne architecture in Britian bears little resemblance to the Queen Anne found here. A preference for white painted window sills, fish tail shingles, multi-panes of glass and simple ornament is indicative of the style.

 

The Old Swan House has elements of both Queen Anne and Arts and Crafts.

Queen Anne House

Old Swan House - London.

Queen Anne in Ontario

Queen Anne in Ontario is similar to that found in the United states. For obvious reasons, these large, grand old manors are often used for movie and TV settings, as can be seen in 'Six Feet Under', and pretty much any story that has a few kids and a dog.

Like most residential buildings built at the turn of the century, the house was meant to contain the bvreadwinner and his wife and family, plus any maiden aunts, down and out cousins, aging parents, and old family retainers.

The Queen Anne style also made room for a wide variety of servants, needed to keep all the fine woodwork and brass in shape, and useful for cleaning the chandeliers, milking the cows and pulling water from the well.

The Queen Anne style always has a verandah, sometimes wrapping all the way around a house. there are many small rooms where each memebr of the household could find some peice and quite. The style is opulent without the ornament found in Italianate or Italian villa. The house often has a tower, but the styling of the tower has no balconettes or eyebrow window treatments.

An offset of the style found in Canada is the Stick style of the eastern US.

Queen Anne houses are sometimes referred to as 'painted ladies' because they are so colourful and full of lacey details, as can be seen in the examples from Hastings and Durham.

Kingston

This example from Kingston is as lovely inside as outside. It is beautifully maintained, and is currently a bed and breakfast, so you can see the inside as well.

The design is unusually symmetrical with a very large central tower. The tower has a deeply sloping roof, a small dormer, and iron cresting. Large cornices are kept in place by equally large brackets. Two dormers with half-hip roofs contain lancet windows.

The lower level has a veranda with ornate posts and gingerbread. Opposite this is a bay window with modillions. The cornice is large and extravagant.

The light standards and veranda details are exquisite.

 

Queen Anne in Kingston Six Panel Door 12 over 12 Sash Windows Traceried Side Light Traceried Fan Transom Decorative Pilaster

Kingston Ontario

Niagara Falls

This Queen Anne Revival building has a veranda that runs around two sides of the building. This veranda is likely to be used frequently as it overlooks the escarpment by Niagara Falls. Unlike modern surveys and cul-de-sacs where most trees or natural contours of the land are bulldozed out of existence, the 19th century builder took advantage of the natural setting, and the results are spectacular.

The building has the usual gables, chimney stacks, and corner tower. This one has a round, brick, decorative hoodmold with corbelled label stops. There is also a lovely dichromatic brick pattern over the window.

Queen Anne House

Niagara Falls Ontario

Kitchener

The sweeping two sided verandas of large Queen Anne Revival buildings all look better on a corner lot. This one is no exception.

The beauty of this house is in the black and white detailing contrasting with the red brick. The cornice has alternating bands of white and black that tie the building together. A corner square turret has the same cornice detailing. The square veranda has a white spindle design and white posts. The gables all have white vergeboarding and white lattice design under the eaves. The roofline is varied and punctuated.

Above the half-round windows there are brick hoodmolds. The lowest level of the building is rusticated.

 

Queen Anne in Kitchener

Kitchener Ontario

Thunder Bay

Clearly this house has one of the most extraordinary verandas in the world. The large circular shape takes up most of the lower level façade, spanning from the center of one Palladian window to the other. Sturdy balusters and simple columns support the large domed roof.

On the second and third floor are a variety of dormers, eyebrow windows, gables, and other openings on an undulating roofline.

There is a central bay window above the veranda that is flanked by two windows with differing but similarly noteworthy keystones.

Queen Anne House

Thunder Bay Ontario

Bowmanville

Not all Queen Anne Revival buildings are large and turreted. The style is also seen in smaller buildings that simply have an eclectic mixture of influences and details.

This house in Bowmanville is an inventive mixture of many periods. It has an extremely rare keyhole arch on the front portico. This portico has a large cornice and cornice brackets with iron cresting. The second storey has two pairs of round-headed arches on very high windows. The top gable has a heavy Palladian window with an exaggerated keystone set on a background of fish scale shingles. The gable is decorated with vergeboarding and held in place by cornice brackets. It is truly extraordinary.

Queen Anne House

Bowmanville Ontario

Toronto

The ground floor of this building is rusticated while the rest is of smooth red brick. The lintels and sills are also rusticated, and on the tower and the bay window, a continuous band of rough stone continues this motif.

There is a bow window and a large gabled bay. The roof is punctuated by a wide variety of chimneys. There is a corner tower as well as a large open turret with a pepper pot roof.

This building is typical of urban Queen Anne Revival in that there is an assortment of window types, roof extensions, and detailing to add interest, but no large veranda or landscaping so that it fits within the city block.

Queen Anne House

Toronto Ontario

Hamilton

In contrast to the building above, this building has a wide veranda that sweeps around the two street façades. The corner tower, the hallmark of the Queen Anne Revival house, sits atop a rounded section of the veranda. There is a tall, conical, roof with fish scale shingles and an acroterion. The rest of the house radiates away from the tower.

The roof is interrupted by several gables and dormers, all with wood molding, carved brackets, and tympanum designs; the top most gable has a star burst pattern. The windows are quite plain, but the glass in the tower is curved. Under the windows is a rusticated sill band that stretches around the building.

Queen Anne House

Hamilton Ontario

Brockville

Brockville, strategically situated on the St. Lawrence River, has quite a few impressive 19th century buildings. The exterior finish of this house is done in the American Stick style that, like the half-timbering of medieval times, showed the structure of the building on the outside. In Stick architecture, trim was added to gables and wall sections to emulate the structure within.

The massing of the building, however, is Queen Anne, with the side tower, gables, large veranda, and multiple roof sections.

Unusual, also, in this building are the highly decorated chimneys. The visible wall portion also has a window, a detail typical of the late Queen Anne style. The building has been recently painted with a very complementary colour scheme.

Queen Anne House

Brockville Ontario

Merrickville

This charming bed and breakfast has the same qualities as the buildings shown above: the corner tower, the large sweeping veranda, the gables, and the dormers. In this case the corner tower is square with half-round windows and an acroterion.

The differences are in the clustered column supports for the veranda, the oval window, and the Palladian windows. Also notable are the roof brackets and the unusually large soffit showing a classicism not often found in this genre. The property gently slopes down to a river.

Queen Anne House

Merrickville Ontario

Perth

This large Queen Anne Revival has more Classical detailing than most. The main entrance has a set of giant order columns with Composite capitals, a plain entablature, and a pediment. The dentil blocks decorating the cornice of the pediment are continued in a cornice that surrounds the building.

Unlike many Queen Annes where two sides of the building are plain, "Queen Anne in front and Mary Anne in the rear" (Maitland), there are half-timbered gables on all sides and a porch with Ionic columns and a simple architrave on the rear of the building. Like of the many grand buildings in Perth, this is built from local stone.

Queen Anne House

Perth Ontario

Durham

Queen Anne homes are often called "Painted Ladies" because of the bright colours and feminine look.

Queen Anne House

Durham Ontario

Duplessis House 1890 Hamilton

This is a smaller version of the Queen Anne style with no central tower and a small but lovely front veranda that wraps around the side. The plan is assymetrical using the two storey bay, typical of the late-Victorian period.

The exterior finish is a mixture of clapboard on the main floor and upper bay, and fish scale shingles on the gable and upper floor over the porch.

The front veranda uses a mixture of straight and radiating spindles with a frieze of disks along the top.

Wood work of this quality is often found on Queen Anne buildings, but it is rare to find a building that has been maintained and preserved with such care.

Queen Anne House

Hamilton Ontario

Hamilton

The staircase is a central focus an obvious subject for decoration. This staircase and the balcony above are beautifully conceived and expertly executed. the design is composed of pierced solids. The geometric designs are cut into a flat solid, the voids become the design.

The balister is carved in a wonderful downward tapered design capped with dentils and an elliptical newel.

Queen Anne House

Hamilton Ontario

Hamilton

The second floor landing has a pattern of pierced solids similar to that of the staircase handrail.

Queen Anne House

Hamilton Ontario

Hamilton

Some of the windows, such as this one, are composed of a leaded diamond pattern on the lower sash and an arrangement of opaque coloured squares on the upper.

In contrast to the ornate decoration on the veranda and stairwell, the window surround is substantial and traditional.

Queen Anne House

Hamilton Ontario

Picton

The central tower on this home seems like an Italian Villa addition, but the rest of the building, the multiple verandas, and the lack of any other Italianate detailing places this squarely as a Queen Anne.

 

 

Queen Anne in Picton

Picton Ontario

Hastings

The

 

 

Queen Anne in Picton

Hastings Ontario

Hastings

The

 

 

Queen Anne in Picton

Hastings Ontario

Hastings

The

 

 

Queen Anne in Picton

Hastings Ontario

Picton

This is a new version of the Queen Anne style. The original concept is evident, but the finishes, windows, and detailing are all new.

The corner turret is what first catches your eye. It is multicoloured and topped with a pepper pot roof. The lower section of the turret has a lovely circular veranda.

On the front façade, the doorway is relatively small and has a starburst pediment design. Above this is a window with a triangular arch. The starburst pattern is copied onto the gable above the second floor porch.

Although the central elements of the Queen Anne style are well reproduced, the quantity of window surface and the easy maintenance detailing give it away as being newer.

Queen Anne in Picton Roof Veranda Dormer Turret Belvedere

Picton Ontario

Annapolis

The Queen Anne style was a popular style across Canada. This one in Annapolis Royal Nova Scotia is typical of the ornate and careful woodworking of the region.

Queen Anne in Picton

Annapolis Royal Nova Scotia

BLDG10043

Queen Anne Extra Reading and Films

Books

Blumenson, John. Ontario Architecture A Guide to Styles and Terms. 1978

MacRae, Marion, and Anthony Adamson. The Ancestral Roof: Domestic Architecture of Upper Canada. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1963.

For information on Queen Anne architecture in specific areas within Ontario there are some very good books listed under the About page.

Films

Becoming Jane - Anne Hathaway

East of Eden - Jimmy Dean

Persuasion, (1995) (2007)

Pride and Prejudice, (1995) (2005)

Six Feet Under (2000 - 2006)

 

 

Modillions Balconette Paired Windows Cornice Return Cornice Return Veranda Turret Gable Dormer Iron Cresting Turret Cornice Brackets Gable Veranda Bay Window Lancet Arch Palladian Window Vergeboard Cornice Brackets Iron Cresting Keyhole Arch Band Veranda Gable Dormer Key Tower Veranda Gable Chimney Lintel Band Gable Bay Window Pepper Pot Roof Chimney Tower Gable Dormer Veranda Tower Conical Roof Acroterion Veranda Gable Tower Acroterion Cornice Brackets Veranda Gable Gable Pediment Cornice Giant Order Columns Ionic Bay Window